Vessel Type Description

The Cortez was a wooden-hulled Schooner, designed for transporting bulk cargo such as grain, coal, and lumber across the Great Lakes. Schooners like the Cortez were essential to 19th-century commerce, though their wooden frames were highly vulnerable to storm damage and groundings.

History

• November 1880: The Cortez departed Milwaukee carrying 19,000 bushels of wheat bound for Oswego, New York.
• 13 November 1880: The Schooner ran aground at Sandy Creek during rough weather, approximately 20 miles east of Oswego. The crew escaped unharmed.
• Inspection: Surveyed by Capt. George McLeod and others, who determined the vessel was a Total Loss. Cargo was scattered along the shoreline.

Investigations and Controversy

The wreck sparked criticism of the Big Sandy Creek life-saving crew, with accusations of negligence. A formal investigation by Capt. D.P. Dobbins cleared the crew, citing extreme weather and difficult terrain as causes for their delayed response. The citizens of Ellisburgh defended the rescuers, acknowledging the risks faced by life-saving personnel.

Final Disposition

The Cortez was declared a Total Loss. Abandoned in place, the Schooner broke apart in the surf and eventually disappeared. Its cargo was unsalvageable.

Legacy and Historical Significance

The story of the Cortez reflects the dangers of late-season navigation on Lake Ontario and the often unrealistic expectations placed on life-saving crews. Though little physical evidence remains, the vessel’s loss is remembered as part of the region’s maritime heritage and the perils of Great Lakes trade.

Resources & Links

• Maritime History of the Great Lakes
• David Swayze Shipwreck File
• Great Lakes Ships Database
• Historical newspaper archives (November 1880) – Ellisburgh and Oswego reports

Keywords

Cortez • Lake Ontario shipwreck • Sandy Creek wreck • Schooner loss • 19th-century maritime trade