IDENTIFICATION & SITE INFORMATION

  • Vessel Name: Eureka
  • Registry: Canadian Official Number 46229 (initially U.S.)
  • Rig: Schooner
  • Built: 1858, Wilson, New York, USA
  • Builder: J.W. Barnes
  • Hull Material: Wood

Dimensions:

  • •Length: 102 feet (31.1 meters)
  • •Beam: 24 feet (7.3 meters)
  • •Depth: 9.5 feet (2.9 meters)
  • Tonnage: 152 gross tons

Final Location: Lake Ontario, near Pigeon Island

Coordinates: N 44° 4.091’, W 076° 35.215’

Water Depth: 121 feet (37 meters)

VESSEL TYPE DESCRIPTION

The Eureka was a wooden Schooner designed with a sturdy Hull and tall masts, characteristic of mid-19th-century lake vessels. Initially serving as a general cargo transporter across Lake Ontario, the vessel was later adapted for the coal trade, a significant economic activity in the region during the late 1800s. Its robust construction and flexibility ensured it remained a valuable asset throughout its operational life.

HISTORY

Construction and Early Service:

The Eureka was built in 1858 in Wilson, New York, from locally sourced timber. It started as a general cargo vessel, navigating between the southern and northern shores of Lake Ontario. Initially registered in Lewiston, New York, the Schooner transitioned to Toledo, Ohio, in 1860, aligning with the growing demands of Great Lakes trade.

Ownership Timeline:

  • 1863: Owned by King & Steel, Toledo, Ohio.
  • 1864: Transferred to Giles & Sylvester, Montreal, Quebec.
  • 1874: Re-registered in Canada under William Nickle, Kingston, Ontario, transitioning to coal transportation.
  • 1876: Acquired by Williams & Co., Montreal, Quebec.
  • 1878: Owned by A. Cantin, Montreal, Quebec.
  • 1883: Final owners were Chambers & Chadwick, Kingston, Ontario.

Role in Maritime Commerce:

Initially a cargo vessel, the Eureka shifted to coal transport under Canadian ownership, connecting Kingston and Oswego, New York. This adaptation to market demands showcased the vessel’s importance in the Great Lakes’ economic ecosystem.

FINAL DISPOSITION

On November 26, 1883, the Eureka encountered a severe storm near Pigeon Island, Lake Ontario. The storm overwhelmed the vessel, forcing the crew to abandon ship. The Schooner sank shortly thereafter and now lies submerged at a depth of 121 feet.

CURRENT CONDITION & ACCESSIBILITY

The wreck of the Eureka rests in 121 feet of water, relatively well-preserved for a wooden vessel of its age. The site offers an opportunity to study mid-19th-century shipbuilding and the evolution of Great Lakes schooners. It is accessible to advanced divers familiar with deep and cold-water diving conditions. The wreck has been documented through photography and video surveys, adding to its historical significance.

NOTMARs & ADVISORIES

No specific Notices to Mariners (NOTMARs) are currently issued for the Eureka wreck site. However, divers should exercise caution, as the depth and water currents in the area can pose challenges.

RESOURCES & LINKS

3D Models – Eureka

Eureka by 3DShipwrecks on Sketchfab

The below show some of the steps taken to complete the model by Roger Lacasse

Eureka by Roger Lacasse on Sketchfab

Eureka Hull by Roger Lacasse on Sketchfab

Eureka by Roger Lacasse on Sketchfab

CONCLUSION

The Eureka exemplifies the adaptability and resilience of Great Lakes schooners during the 19th century. From general cargo transport to the coal trade, its operational history reflects the dynamic economic conditions of the era. Its sinking near Pigeon Island highlights the perils faced by sailors on Lake Ontario, even aboard robust vessels. Today, the Eureka stands as a valuable artifact, preserving the legacy of these iconic schooners and offering insights into the region’s maritime heritage.

KEYWORDS

Eureka shipwreck, Great Lakes schooners, Lake Ontario wrecks, 19th-century maritime history, Pigeon Island wreck, Great Lakes navigation.